History of the City(Hisar) by Ravindra Packers Movers Hisar
Etymology
Sanskrit grammarian Pāṇini (fl. 6th century BCE) in his book Ashtadhyayi referred to Aisukari or Isukara as a beautiful and prosperous city which is considered by some historians as the ancient name of Hisar.[4] Firoz Shah Tughlaq, a Sultan of Delhi, founded Hisar in 1354 and named itHisar-e-Firoza which means Fort of Firoz in Arabic.[5] Before that, the region was known as Hariana.[6] During the reign of Mughal emperor Akbar(1556–1605), Firoza was removed from the name of the city and it came to be known simply as Hisar.[7] Due to the presence of a significant steel industry, the city is sometimes also known as The City of Steel.[8]
History
Early history
Archeological excavations at nearby locations of Rakhigarhi, Siswal and Lohari Ragho suggest the presence of human habitation from pre-Harappan period. Later, Aryan people settled around Drsadvati River. The Jain literature Uttaradhayana Sutra mentions a town Isukara in the Kurucountry which is believed to be the earlier name of Hisar.[9] The kingdom of Hisar, with its capital at Agroha, possibly assisted Chandragupta Maurya in his war against the Greeks.[4] The kingdom was then included in the Mauryan Empire, as evidenced by the discovery of Ashokan pillars in the vicinity of the city. The city later came under the Kushan Empire and the Gupta Empire.[9] In 12th century, the Chauhan kingPrithviraj Chauhan made Hansi, located in the present day Hisar district, his capital and built a fort.[10] It remained a strategic place for Chauhan Empire until Prithviraj was defeated in the Second Battle of Tarain by the invading Ghurid ruler Shahabuddin Muhammad Ghori.[9]
Tughlaq Era
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Hisar was founded in 1354 AD, as 'Hisar-e-Firoza' by Firoz Shah Tughlaq, who reigned over the Sultanate of Delhi from 1351 to 1388.[11] He built a walled fort with four gates which were subsequently named as the Delhi Gate and Mori Gate to the east, the Nagori Gate to the south and Talaqi Gate to the west.[12] The construction of the fort started in 1354 AD and was completed in 1356 AD.[12] In the middle of the fort stood the Firoz Shah Palace. Apart from its several underground apartments, the complex had different buildings like Baradari, Lat ki Masjid, Diwan-e-Aam and Shahi Darwaza.[4] Near to the palace was the Gujri Mahal built by the emperor for his wife Gujri.[12] The city was named as Hisar-e-Firoza, which means Fort of Firoz in Arabic. Timur invaded the city in 1398 AD and his soldiers set fire to the fort.[4]
The city later come under the rule of Sayyid dynasty and Lodi dynasty before Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the first battle of Panipat.[4]
Mughal Era
When Babur invaded India in the 1524–1526, Hisar was an important strategic center of Ibrahim Lodi’s empire.[4] Before the battle of Panipat in 1526, on reaching the Ghaggar, Babur learnt that the troops from Hisar, led by Hamid Khan, were advancing towards him. He dispatched princeHumayun with a sufficient number of soldiers who succeeded in defeating the enemy. Babur handed over the city of Hisar to Humayun as a reward for his success on his first military expedition.[4] During his first reign a mosque known as Jama Masjid was built there by Amir Muhammad in 1535. In 1540, Hisar came under the control of Sher Shah Suri when he defeated Humayun but Humayun took it back in 1555 and assigned it to Akbar.[4]
During Akbar’s reign (1556–1605) Hisar became once more a place of considerable importance.[4] It was made the headquarters of the revenue Division known as Sirkar; some of Mughal Princes who were attached to Hisar subsequently became the Emperors. The city of Hisar became known in the history of India as the Duke of Wellington of Mughal era. The city remained under the rule of Mughals until 1760.[4]
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| Photo By: Packers Movers Hisar |
British Era
The city was occupied by George Thomas in 1798. This arrangement continued up to 1801 when George Thomas was driven out from here by theSikh-Maratha-French confederacy.[9] In 1803, it came under East India Company and remained its part until the Indian Rebellion of 1857 when Muhammad Azim, a descendant of the Mughal family took it away from the Company for a short period. The Company sent forces under General Van Cortlandt who defeated Muhammad Azim and Rao Tula Ram on 16 November 1857.[9]
The city remained as a major centre of the Indian independence movement from Indian Rebellion of 1857 until the independence as many national leaders visited the city during the movement such as Lala Lajpat Rai in 1886,[13]Subhas Chandra Bose in 1938,[4] and Jawaharlal Nehru in 1946.[14] After independence, the city became a part ofPunjab.
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